HKUST 1001-PPR-3
Do-Not-Call Registry and Marketing Solicitations in Hong Kong
PI: Dr Kai-lung Hui
The research conducted in this project
is a pioneering effort to integrate the
benefits and costs of all related parties
(marketers, the government, and consumers)
in a coherent framework. As such, our analyses
are robust and balance the needs and concerns
of both the buyer-and seller-side of market
(unlike studies conducted by the marketing
industry, which tend to focus more on the
needs of marketers to advertise, or those
by consumer advocates, which tend to focus
more on consumer privacy). We conducted
extensive analyses in both the theoretical
and empirical domains, and from there drew
pragmatic public policy suggestions that
can be directly implemented in Hong Kong.
We also studied the experience of the USA
in implementing the "do not call"
registry, and we concluded that similar
privacy protection initiatives may receive
good support in Hong Kong too. This project
provides a useful framework and methodology
to analyze similar privacy-protection initiatives
in the future, and it serves as a useful
reference for devising public policies related
to consumer privacy in the future.
HKBU 2002-PPR-3
Protection and Redevelopment of Agricultural
Soil in Hong Kong
PI: Prof Wong Ming-hung
With the increasing public attention to food safety, Hong Kong's agriculture is facing an awkward and embarrassing situation - as imported crops contaminated with toxic substances have been sold within the territory while a considerable number of farmlands in the New Territories have been either abandoned or used as dumping sites for wastes. The lack of research on soil and agriculture in Hong Kong restrains the policy-making. It is the right motivation for conducting this project.
The result reveal that Hong Kong has a
potential to redevelop its agricultural
sector for ensuring a satisfactory supply
of safe and high quality crops, since most
farmlands in the NT are fertile and suitable
for crop growth. The soil is also clean
and free of heavy metals and POPs contamination
except several sites for storing and open
burning of e-wastes. However, the residual
concentration of DDT in some sites still
remains high. Remediation for the contaminated
sites is a must for ensuring a safe agricultural
production. In addition, the redevelopment
of agriculture would provide more employment
opportunities since agriculture is a labor-intensive
industry. Our survey demonstrates that a
farm of 1000 m2 can create two working positions
and generate HK$7,000 net income under traditional
mode while five working positions and up
to HK$50,000 if running under organic farming
mode. Therefore, redeveloping agriculture
will play an important role in enhancing
Hong Kong's economic prospects and community
stability. This will also contribute significantly
in minimizing our ecological footprint and
carbon budget.
CUHK 4002-PPR-3
Vascular events In noncardiac Surgery patIents
cOhort evaluatioN Study (The VISION study)
PI: Prof Matthew TV Chan
Recent advances in medicine have allowed patients to undergo complex surgery. Many of these patients have significant heart disease. There are compelling data to suggest that heart attack and stroke around the operative period are in the rising trend. Much of the existing data are outdated and cannot be extrapolated to current clinical practice. We have therefore conducted a large prospective observational study in 20,000 patients to determine the incidence of major heart events around surgery. We call this study the "Vascular events In noncardiac Surgery patIents cOhort evaluatioN (VISION) Study".
The VISION study identified that elderly patient > 70 years, undergoing urgent and major surgery, who has previous stroke or heart problem are at high risk of further heart attack after surgery. These patients should be monitored in the intensive care or high dependency unit. In addition, we found that an enzyme of the heart muscle (cardiac troponin) flowing in the blood stream is useful to detect silent heart attack, that are likely to go unrecognized.
Clinicians and patients are now more informed on the risk of surgery. Data of our study will be included during the informed consent process. We have also identified a number of possible strategies to prevent heart attack after surgery. Future studies will be conducted to confirm these observations.
CUHK 4003-PPR-3
Cost-effectiveness of an outpatient preanaesthetic
clinic
PI: Prof Anna Lee
Healthcare systems of today place much
emphasis on patient-centered quality outcomes
and cost effectiveness. Anaesthesiologist-led
preoperative medicine clinics have been
established overseas to prepare most elective
surgical patients for anaesthesia and surgery.
However, the development of preanaesthetic
clinics in Hong Kong public hospitals has
been slow and its cost-effectiveness is
unknown. This study compared the perioperative
costs and effects of patients assessed by
the anaesthesiologist at the clinic (new
system) versus on the ward one day before
surgery (traditional system). The patients
in each group were matched by the same surgical
procedure and baseline differences were
adjusted for in the statistical analysis.
Compared to the traditional system, clinic
patients were more informed about the risks
and process of anaesthesia, had higher preoperative
patient satisfaction levels and stayed one
day less in hospital before surgery. There
was no difference between the patient groups
for the quality of recovery from anaesthesia
and surgery. Three quarter of the study
sample strongly preferred to have their
preoperative anaesthetic assessment at the
clinic, and they were willing to pay about
HK$170 for the clinic consultation. Our
findings suggest that the preanaesthetic
clinic is likely to be cost-effective.
PolyU 5006-PPR-3
Rehabilitation Needs of People with Schizophrenia
and their Caregivers in Hong Kong: Implications
for Public Policy
PI: Dr Hector Wing-hong Tsang
Schizophrenia has devastating effect on
the quality of life of the clients and their
caregivers. Existing policies are not up-to-date
and rehabilitation services for these two
groups of people are inadequate. In order
to formulate appropriate policies and develop
quality rehabilitation services, assessing
their needs using a scientific approach
is of utmost importance. The findings of
this study have identified the rehabilitation
needs and priority of people with schizophrenia
and their caregivers in Hong Kong. The findings
serve as empirical information for the government
of the HKSAR to formulate policies and prioritize
resources on the provision of psychiatric
services for these two groups of people.
Main recommendations include allocation
of more resources in terms of funding and
manpower, provision of quality rehabilitation
services such as family intervention and
psychotherapy, empowerment of people with
schizophrenia and their caregivers by developing
channels to solicit their opinions in developing
mental health care policy and rehabilitation
services, formulation of policies and strategies
to reduce social stigma on mental illness,
and provision of public education on mental
illness.
HKUST 6001-PPR-3
Making cultural cluster: New strategies for culture-led urban redevelopment
PI: Dr Chen Yun-chung
This research studied four "potential"
cultural clusters in Hong Kong, i.e. Wanchai,
Central, Cattle Depot and Tsim Sha Tsui
South. We found that the networks among
art and cultural actors and between art/cultural
actors and the local neighborhoods are weak.
The main reason is a weak market that cannot
support a large pool of full-time artists
and elaborated division of labor. The structural
causes of the weak markets are:
(i) the lack of a cultural bureau and cultural
policy to promote art education and audience
building,
(ii) the lack of standard (maximum)working
hours and minimum wage ordinances resulting
in long working hours, which hinder Hong
Kong people's participating in leisure and
cultural activities.
We also found the lack of trust and collaborative
platforms in the clusters among the artists
and between artists and community organizers.
To support a vibrant cultural clusters with
the support of community, the Hong Kong
government should learn from the Taiwanese experience in their community building initiative called “Holistic Community Building” (社區總體營造) that began in 1994. Continuous funding and
technical assistance (such as the community
planner and architect program) is granted
to culture-cum-community development projects
initiated by local communities and artists.
HKU 7002-PPR-3
Is there a need to promote family medicine
concept in Hong Kong? - Meeting the need
for recognition and treatment of depression
as a model
PI: Dr Lam Tai Pong
This study tries to find out how the public and medical profession sees the role of family doctor/medicine in providing healthcare services. Based on opinions collected through small group discussion and large scale telephone/questionnaire survey of the public and doctors respectively, the study shows that the promotion of family medicine in Hong Kong will not only meet the public expectation of having a regular doctor whom they can trust and continuously see when in need, but also enhances the family doctor's role in the continuity of care, prevention, gate keeping and providing comprehensive care. The achievement of which will help lower medical cost and expenses, avoid unnecessary investigations and achieve better health outcomes.
The study also informs policy makers about
the feasibility of developing the one-citizen-one
family-doctor healthcare model and strategies
to maximize the benefits of family medicine.
Findings from the study support that the
public would accept a healthcare system
that is based on family medicine while doctors
are less optimistic in this regard. It is
therefore important that training in family
medicine be available to all primary care
doctors, newly graduated or experienced
and to optimize current primary care settings
to facilitate doctors in both private and
public sector to practice family medicine.
HKU 7010-PPR-3
Long-term care cost drivers and expenditure
projection to 2033
PI: Prof. Gabriel M Leung
Our findings show that, in contrast to health care spending, demographic effects such as changes in the population structure brought about by ageing are more important in driving LTC spending growth than other changes such as unit cost growth of different LTC services. In short, rapidly-aging Hong Kong will inevitably bear an increasing LTC burden, unless there is an unanticipated change in its population policy vis-ˆj-vis substantially increased immigration of younger individuals from the mainland (thereby enlarging the productive workforce supporting the retired cohorts) or mass emigration of local retirees.
The coming 5-10 years will be an important
window of opportunity to develop policies
to cope with the LTC burden alongside with
the issues of health care financing and
retirement planning. Irrespective of the
eventually policy responses to Hong Kong's
ageing population thus LTC need or demand,
the reliable prediction of the associated
financial liability in the medium to long
run, as presented in this study, adds to
the evidence base from which such can begin
to be formatted and debated.
HKU 7011-PPR-3
A study of the domestic violence costs and service utilization in Hong Kong
PI: Dr Ko Ling Chan
The present research aims at bridging the existing research and information gaps with regard to the cost analysis of domestic violence and violence prevention/intervention programmes in Hong Kong. The objectives of the study are to identify the service utilization pattern of the perpetrators and victims of spousal violence in Hong Kong; to assess the impact of service utilization on spousal violence in terms of severity, types and chronicity; to identify the factors associated with help-seeking or the service utilization pattern of spousal violence perpetrators and victim; and to develop a cost model of service utilization for the assessment of the costs and benefits of prevention and intervention programmes to inform policy-making, especially with regard to the design and implementation of publicly funded programmes in Hong Kong.
The study provides empirical data to study the pattern and correlates of service utilization of the perpetrators and victims of spousal violence, economic costs of domestic violence as well as the development of a cost model of service utilization for the assessment of the costs and benefits of prevention programmes. Information obtained from the study will facilitate evidence-based planning and implementation of these programmes, and provide an economic rationale for resource allocation.
HKIEd 8001-PPR-3
Alternative Policy Instruments for Enhancing
Citizenship Education
PI: Dr. Gregory P Fairbrother
The purpose of this research project was to determine the suitability and desirability of, capacity for, and potential obstacles to implementing an independent, compulsory course of citizenship education at the junior secondary level of Hong Kong's education system. To answer the question of whether the Hong Kong government should reform citizenship education curriculum delivery, the project relied upon statistical analysis of an international database of civic education inputs and outcomes among 90,000 14-year-olds in 28 societies as well as interviews with 67 education leaders, principals, and teachers in Hong Kong schools. The findings of the research suggest that a potential government mandate of an independent subject of citizenship education in the school curriculum would not deliver substantial benefits for students' learning of civic knowledge, knowledge of democracy, and patriotism, and could be met with opposition from the educational community. The government's mandating citizenship education to be compulsory for all schools would also not deliver substantial benefits at the cost of reform. In sum, there is little support from the research for any manor citizenship education curriculum reform. Instead, the government would be advised to strongly encourage and support a wide variety of curricular and extracurricular learning activities inside and outside schools.